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Emmental is considered to be one of the most difficult cheeses to successfully manufacture because of its complicated, hole-forming fermentation process. During its fabrication, the cheese undergoes a total of 6 stages before it is ripe enough to reveal its full aroma. In the traditional ripening process, the cheese must stay in the curing room for minimum 7 weeks, a period during which the cheese-maker watches over his wheels and gives the cheese all the attention it needs. At the first step of maturation, in a cold cellar, the cheese cures slowly and the bacteria inside generate a great deal of carbon dioxide. Because of its large size, gas is kept inside the cheese.
During the second step, the Emmental is placed in a hot cellar, and the wheels develop a smooth, firm texture, rind and a full aroma. It is also the time when the distinctive holes begin to appear. (The carbon dioxide is trapped inside because of the thick rind and produces bubbles.) During the whole maturing process the cheeses also have to be turned regularly. In the past this was done by hand and the strong muscles of the cheese makers were much feared in the wrestling ring. This traditional ripening method allows for the verification of each phase of the maturation process, thus guaranteeing the quality and taste.
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